Many experts who discuss the cultural history of the existence and development of the keris and other tosan charm. G.B. Gardner in the year 1936 had theorize that the keris is the development of weapons of tikam prehistoric era, the tail bones of fish or sting ray pangkalnya removed, then dibalut with a cloth on tangkainya. With the weapons that can be taken and-take. So tikam be a dangero
us weapon, according to the size of the anchor. Meanwhile Griffith WILKENS in 1937 argued that the culture arose on the keris new century, 14 and 15. He said, is a form of keris from the growth form of a spear used by the nations which inhabit the archipelago between Asia and Australia. Of the spear that was soon arise in the type of weapon or weapons tikam, which was then known by the name of the keris. Other reasons, a spear or javelin tangkainya long, not easily brought to go everywhere. Brought difficult chisel in the forest. Because at that time is not easy to get the iron material, then removed from the spear tangkainya so that a handful of weapons. Another opinion A.J. BARNET KEMPERS. In the year 1954 experts suspect the ancient prototype of the keris is a form of development of weapons at the time of bronze awl. Keris the upper shaped statuette depicts a man and integrates with bilahnya, by Barnet Kempers not regarded as extraordinary items. He said, weapons tikam bronze culture of Dong-son is also shaped like that. Upper is a small statue that depicts a man standing waist berkacak (malang-kerik, Javanese language). While tikam ancient weapons that have been found in Kalimantan, on the upper part of distilir also form the basis of berkacak pinggang.Perkembangan weapons tikam that can be compared with the development of weapons in Europe. In the continent that, first, the sword also distilir from menusia form with both hands outspread straight to the side. The form of the hilt, after Christianity spread, and then developed into the form of a similar cross. In relation to Indonesia in the form of a keris, kris upstream of the human form (which distilir), have standing, there is a bend, and some are squat, with a similar form of this sculpture megalitik found Playen, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. In later development, the forms that the distilir again and now the form of a keris hilt (in Java called deder, jejeran, or carving) with a decorative whim cecek, gandul Patra, Patra Ageng, umpak-umpak, dlsb. In our cultural history, sculpture or statue with a person standing bend slightly, by some experts, defined as the symbol of the dead. While the statue depicts a man with attitude are jongkok with legs ditekuk, considered the birth, childbirth, fertility, or life. The same attitude with the baby or fetus in the womb of the nation ibunya.Ada sebgian Western experts were not sure that the keris was made in Indonesia prior to the century-14 or 15. They build theory on the fact that there is no clear picture of relief at the temple-the temple was built before the 10-th century. SIR THOMAS Stamford Raffles in his book History of Java (1817) says, not less than 30 types of weapons that are owned and used soldiers Java at that time, including firearm. But from the wide range of weapons, the keris istimewa.Disebutkan occupy a position in his book that, in general, soldiers Java holds three keris at once. Keris charged in the waist to the left, comes from the time-law marriage (in Javanese culture is called snap curve). Keris imposed on the right waist, comes from the parents themselves. In addition, various ethics and etiquette in the world perkerisan also termuat Raffles is in the book. Unfortunately, in the famous book, the English authorities did not breathe on the history and cultural origins of the keris. The term 'keris' is found in some ancient inscription. Bronze plaque that is found in marked Karangtengah, numbered Saka year 748, or 842 BC, breathe some kind of offering to set Poh as the tax-free, among other offerings that include 'kres', wangkiul, tewek punukan, which wesi penghatap.Kres meant that the second inscription is a keris. While wangkiul is a kind of spear, tewek punukan is a two-edged weapon, such dwisula. In the painting relief (relief) Borobudur Temple, Central Java, on the southeast corner of the bottom, envisaged some soldiers carrying weapons similar to the sharp keris that we know now. In Prambanan Temple, Central Java, are also envisaged in the reliefnya, carrying a giant weapon tikam a similar right with the keris. Sewu in temple, near Prambanan, also exist. Giant statue guards, put sebilah sharp weapons, similar keris.Sementara the first and second edition, organized by Prof.. PA van der LITH mention, while main stupa Borobudur Temple, built 875 years BC, was demolished, found sebilah kris old. Keris that ignites between the blade and the upper. But the form of a keris is not similar to the form of a keris that envisaged in the temple reliefs. Keris findings is now stored in the Museum of ethnography, Leiden, Netherlands. Information about the findings of the keris is written by Dr. H.H. Catalog JUYNBOHL in the Kingdom of Holland (Netherlands) volume V, in 1909. Is told in the catalog, the keris is classified 'Majapahit keris', a statue of the upper form, bilahnya very old. One of the blade has been damaged. Keris, who are given a serial number 1834, was the gj HEYLIGERS, Resident Kedu office secretary, in October 1845. Which is the residennya at that time is Hartman. Kris blade length is 28.3 cm findings, the length of upper 20.2 cm, and 4.8 cm wide. Straight shape, do not use luk. Kris about this, many people doubt whether the original has since placed in the center hole main stupa Borobudur. Barnet Kempres own keris suspect that placed by someone on the times and, after a long day Borobudur was completed. Not so at the time of construction. There is also a suspect, keris culture has developed since the year 1000 BC. This report is based on seeorang traveler China in the year 922 BC. So the report is made about the times of the growing edge Kahuripan Kali Brantas, East Java. According to the report, there is a gift to the Maharaja Java Emperor China "a short swords with hilts of rhinoceros horn or gold (with a short sword hilt made of rhinoceros or cula of gold). It can be a short sword dimaksuddalam the report is as protoptipe kris envisaged in the relief of Borobudur and Prambanan temple. Kris Sebilah marked with numbers on the year bilahnya, owned by a Dutch named Knaud in Batavia (Dutch at the time of first). In the keris blade but there is gamabar arise puppet, also numbered Saka year 1264, or 1324 BC. So about the time of development sezaman upgrading temple near the city of Blitar, East Java. At this temple there is indeed a giant statue of a keris at the short straight. A clear picture about the keris found on a statue of Siwa which comes from the era of the Kingdom of Singasari, the 14-th century. Depicted with the god Shiva temples are holding the keris in the hands of the right length. Jelasini statue imitation not Dewa Siwa from India, because India never found that the statue holding the keris Siwa. The statue is now stored in the Museum of Leiden, Netherlands. At the time of the next-period, the many temples built in East Java, which has a picture on the wall reliefnya keris. For example, in the temple or temple Jajagu Jago, built 1268 years BC. At the temple, there is relief that Pandawa (puppet character) playing dice. Punakawan who painted in the back are depicted carrying keris. Similarly, the temple is there in the Tegalwangi, Pare, Kediri close, and the temple Panataran. In the second temple was envisaged relief figures holding the keris. Stories about the keris a more detailed report can be read from a Chinese traveler named Ma huan. In the report Yingyai Sheng-lan in the year 1416 BC he was writing the experiences while visiting the Kingdom of Majapahit. When he came with entourage warlord Cheng-ho on the Yen Tsung Emperor of Ming Dynasty. In Majapahit, Ma huan witnessed that almost all men in the land use pulak, since the child, even since the age of three years. Which is called by pulak Ma huan poniard is a straight or zigzag. Ayang is clearly meant keris.Kata Ma huan in the laoparan: These Daggers have a very thin stripes and within flowers and made of the very best steel; the handle is of gold, rhinoceros, or ivory, cut into the devil or shapeof human faces and finished carefully. This report proves that at the time of the known techniques have been making weapons tikam Pamor garnish with the image lines are very thin and flowers keputihan. This weapon is made with prime quality steel. Pegangannya, or upper, made of gold, cula rhinoceros, or gading.Tak evil spirit again, which of course meant Ma huan keris in the report is that we now know this. Picture emerges on how the making of keris, can be witnessed in the temple Sukuh, on the slopes of Mount Lawu, on the border of Central Java and East Java. Sengkala memet on the moon in the temple, legible numbers Saka year 1316 or 1439 BC. Ways of making the keris which is described in the temple is not far different from the way the making of keris keris at the time of now. Good working equipment, hammer and bellows, and the results of his work as keris, spears, kudi
us weapon, according to the size of the anchor. Meanwhile Griffith WILKENS in 1937 argued that the culture arose on the keris new century, 14 and 15. He said, is a form of keris from the growth form of a spear used by the nations which inhabit the archipelago between Asia and Australia. Of the spear that was soon arise in the type of weapon or weapons tikam, which was then known by the name of the keris. Other reasons, a spear or javelin tangkainya long, not easily brought to go everywhere. Brought difficult chisel in the forest. Because at that time is not easy to get the iron material, then removed from the spear tangkainya so that a handful of weapons. Another opinion A.J. BARNET KEMPERS. In the year 1954 experts suspect the ancient prototype of the keris is a form of development of weapons at the time of bronze awl. Keris the upper shaped statuette depicts a man and integrates with bilahnya, by Barnet Kempers not regarded as extraordinary items. He said, weapons tikam bronze culture of Dong-son is also shaped like that. Upper is a small statue that depicts a man standing waist berkacak (malang-kerik, Javanese language). While tikam ancient weapons that have been found in Kalimantan, on the upper part of distilir also form the basis of berkacak pinggang.Perkembangan weapons tikam that can be compared with the development of weapons in Europe. In the continent that, first, the sword also distilir from menusia form with both hands outspread straight to the side. The form of the hilt, after Christianity spread, and then developed into the form of a similar cross. In relation to Indonesia in the form of a keris, kris upstream of the human form (which distilir), have standing, there is a bend, and some are squat, with a similar form of this sculpture megalitik found Playen, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. In later development, the forms that the distilir again and now the form of a keris hilt (in Java called deder, jejeran, or carving) with a decorative whim cecek, gandul Patra, Patra Ageng, umpak-umpak, dlsb. In our cultural history, sculpture or statue with a person standing bend slightly, by some experts, defined as the symbol of the dead. While the statue depicts a man with attitude are jongkok with legs ditekuk, considered the birth, childbirth, fertility, or life. The same attitude with the baby or fetus in the womb of the nation ibunya.Ada sebgian Western experts were not sure that the keris was made in Indonesia prior to the century-14 or 15. They build theory on the fact that there is no clear picture of relief at the temple-the temple was built before the 10-th century. SIR THOMAS Stamford Raffles in his book History of Java (1817) says, not less than 30 types of weapons that are owned and used soldiers Java at that time, including firearm. But from the wide range of weapons, the keris istimewa.Disebutkan occupy a position in his book that, in general, soldiers Java holds three keris at once. Keris charged in the waist to the left, comes from the time-law marriage (in Javanese culture is called snap curve). Keris imposed on the right waist, comes from the parents themselves. In addition, various ethics and etiquette in the world perkerisan also termuat Raffles is in the book. Unfortunately, in the famous book, the English authorities did not breathe on the history and cultural origins of the keris. The term 'keris' is found in some ancient inscription. Bronze plaque that is found in marked Karangtengah, numbered Saka year 748, or 842 BC, breathe some kind of offering to set Poh as the tax-free, among other offerings that include 'kres', wangkiul, tewek punukan, which wesi penghatap.Kres meant that the second inscription is a keris. While wangkiul is a kind of spear, tewek punukan is a two-edged weapon, such dwisula. In the painting relief (relief) Borobudur Temple, Central Java, on the southeast corner of the bottom, envisaged some soldiers carrying weapons similar to the sharp keris that we know now. In Prambanan Temple, Central Java, are also envisaged in the reliefnya, carrying a giant weapon tikam a similar right with the keris. Sewu in temple, near Prambanan, also exist. Giant statue guards, put sebilah sharp weapons, similar keris.Sementara the first and second edition, organized by Prof.. PA van der LITH mention, while main stupa Borobudur Temple, built 875 years BC, was demolished, found sebilah kris old. Keris that ignites between the blade and the upper. But the form of a keris is not similar to the form of a keris that envisaged in the temple reliefs. Keris findings is now stored in the Museum of ethnography, Leiden, Netherlands. Information about the findings of the keris is written by Dr. H.H. Catalog JUYNBOHL in the Kingdom of Holland (Netherlands) volume V, in 1909. Is told in the catalog, the keris is classified 'Majapahit keris', a statue of the upper form, bilahnya very old. One of the blade has been damaged. Keris, who are given a serial number 1834, was the gj HEYLIGERS, Resident Kedu office secretary, in October 1845. Which is the residennya at that time is Hartman. Kris blade length is 28.3 cm findings, the length of upper 20.2 cm, and 4.8 cm wide. Straight shape, do not use luk. Kris about this, many people doubt whether the original has since placed in the center hole main stupa Borobudur. Barnet Kempres own keris suspect that placed by someone on the times and, after a long day Borobudur was completed. Not so at the time of construction. There is also a suspect, keris culture has developed since the year 1000 BC. This report is based on seeorang traveler China in the year 922 BC. So the report is made about the times of the growing edge Kahuripan Kali Brantas, East Java. According to the report, there is a gift to the Maharaja Java Emperor China "a short swords with hilts of rhinoceros horn or gold (with a short sword hilt made of rhinoceros or cula of gold). It can be a short sword dimaksuddalam the report is as protoptipe kris envisaged in the relief of Borobudur and Prambanan temple. Kris Sebilah marked with numbers on the year bilahnya, owned by a Dutch named Knaud in Batavia (Dutch at the time of first). In the keris blade but there is gamabar arise puppet, also numbered Saka year 1264, or 1324 BC. So about the time of development sezaman upgrading temple near the city of Blitar, East Java. At this temple there is indeed a giant statue of a keris at the short straight. A clear picture about the keris found on a statue of Siwa which comes from the era of the Kingdom of Singasari, the 14-th century. Depicted with the god Shiva temples are holding the keris in the hands of the right length. Jelasini statue imitation not Dewa Siwa from India, because India never found that the statue holding the keris Siwa. The statue is now stored in the Museum of Leiden, Netherlands. At the time of the next-period, the many temples built in East Java, which has a picture on the wall reliefnya keris. For example, in the temple or temple Jajagu Jago, built 1268 years BC. At the temple, there is relief that Pandawa (puppet character) playing dice. Punakawan who painted in the back are depicted carrying keris. Similarly, the temple is there in the Tegalwangi, Pare, Kediri close, and the temple Panataran. In the second temple was envisaged relief figures holding the keris. Stories about the keris a more detailed report can be read from a Chinese traveler named Ma huan. In the report Yingyai Sheng-lan in the year 1416 BC he was writing the experiences while visiting the Kingdom of Majapahit. When he came with entourage warlord Cheng-ho on the Yen Tsung Emperor of Ming Dynasty. In Majapahit, Ma huan witnessed that almost all men in the land use pulak, since the child, even since the age of three years. Which is called by pulak Ma huan poniard is a straight or zigzag. Ayang is clearly meant keris.Kata Ma huan in the laoparan: These Daggers have a very thin stripes and within flowers and made of the very best steel; the handle is of gold, rhinoceros, or ivory, cut into the devil or shapeof human faces and finished carefully. This report proves that at the time of the known techniques have been making weapons tikam Pamor garnish with the image lines are very thin and flowers keputihan. This weapon is made with prime quality steel. Pegangannya, or upper, made of gold, cula rhinoceros, or gading.Tak evil spirit again, which of course meant Ma huan keris in the report is that we now know this. Picture emerges on how the making of keris, can be witnessed in the temple Sukuh, on the slopes of Mount Lawu, on the border of Central Java and East Java. Sengkala memet on the moon in the temple, legible numbers Saka year 1316 or 1439 BC. Ways of making the keris which is described in the temple is not far different from the way the making of keris keris at the time of now. Good working equipment, hammer and bellows, and the results of his work as keris, spears, kudi
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